Why Cape Town and Table Mountain experience such frequent fires

Cape Town is famed for its breathtaking natural beauty, with Table Mountain standing as an iconic backdrop. This particular region, however, is also prone to frequent wildfires, particularly on Table Mountain and its surrounding areas. But why is it so affected?

Climate and weather conditions

Well, the first reason would be Cape Town’s Mediterranean climate, which is characterised by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.

During the summer months, temperatures often exceed 30°C, creating arid conditions that render vegetation highly flammable. The region is also subject to strong south-easterly winds, locally known as the “Cape Doctor,” which can rapidly spread fires across the mountainous terrain.

These winds are especially prevalent during the summer, unfortunately coinciding with the peak fire season.

Flammable vegetation and fynbos ecosystem

Table Mountain is also home to the unique fynbos biome, a diverse and fire-adapted ecosystem. This fynbos vegetation has evolved to depend on periodic fires for regeneration; some plants require the intense heat from fires to release their seeds.

Historically, natural fire cycles occurred every 10 to 15 years, maintaining ecological balance. However, human activities have disrupted these cycles, leading to more frequent and intense fires. The introduction of invasive alien plant species, like pine and eucalyptus trees, has also increased the fuel load on the mountain, as these species are more flammable than native vegetation.

Human activity and accidental fires

Human activities are a significant contributor to the incidence of fires on Table Mountain. Negligence, such as discarded cigarette butts, unattended campfires, and illegal cooking fires, often leads to unintended ignitions. Arson has also been identified as a cause in several instances.

The expansion of urban areas into natural landscapes has increased the interface between human settlements and fire-prone environments, elevating the risk of accidental fires.

For example, the devastating fire in April 2021, which destroyed parts of the University of Cape Town’s historic library and other structures, was attributed to human causes, with natural causes like lightning being ruled out.

Historical context of fires on Table Mountain

The history of fires on Table Mountain is extensive, with records indicating that fire has been a natural and necessary ecological process in the region for millennia. In recent history, notable fires have had significant impacts on both the environment and human infrastructure.

The April 2021 fire, for instance, burned approximately 600 hectares of land within the Table Mountain National Park and neighbouring properties, leading to the destruction of historical landmarks and necessitating evacuations.

The current, ongoing fire of February 2025, has seen more than 100 firefighters deployed to combat two blazes on the slopes of Table Mountain.

Have you experienced a Cape Town fire?

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